Wednesday, December 25, 2019

General Aviation Accident Of John F. Kennedy - 1738 Words

When many people think of aircraft investigations, they think of a large-scale airliner crash. While these types of accidents get more airtime on the television circuit, the majority of accidents occur within the general aviation community. One of the most notorious of these general aviation accidents was the accident of John F. Kennedy, Jr. His notoriety as the son of a President of the United States gave a special spotlight to this particular aircraft investigation. On that fateful night of July 16, 1999, Mr. Kennedy planned and attempted a flight cross-country flight that included multiple stops. The flight originated from Essex County Airport (CDW), Caldwell, New Jersey, and was destined for Barnstable Municipal-Boardman/Polando†¦show more content†¦The CFI stated that â€Å"the pilot had the ability to fly the airplane without a visible horizon, but may have had difficulty performing additional tasks under such conditions† (NTSB). In other words, Mr. Kennedy’s instrument flying skills were limited. This could imply that the pilot would be overwhelmed, if he found himself an actual instrument conditions. A critical detail that has to be noted is that one of his flight instructors offered to fly with Mr. Kennedy that fateful night. Mr. Kennedy declined the flight instructor’s offer, insisting that he wanted to conduct the flight as the sole pilot. It could be considered by some that Mr. Kennedy was showing a degr ee of a macho attitude. This is one of the FAA’s defined hazardous attitudes that impede proper Aeronautical Decision-Making by a pilot. â€Å"At the extreme end of the spectrum, people with a hazardous macho attitude will feel a need to continually prove that they are better pilots than others and will take foolish chances to demonstrate their superior ability† (Rossier, 1999). Another key component of the accident investigation was the weather. During most aircraft investigations, one usually asks if the pilot checked the weather before their departure. In this particular case, Mr. Kennedy had received a minimum to partial amount of weather information concerning his flight. According to the NTSB report, â€Å"According to WSI, the pilot, or someone using his userShow MoreRelatedThe Antitrust Laws Of The Federal Trade Commission Act1221 Words   |  5 Pagestoday. Section 7 of the Clayton Act prohibits mergers and acquisitions when the effect may be substantially to lessen competition, or to tend to create a monopoly. (ftc.gov) The antitrust laws proscribe unlawful mergers and business practices in general terms, leaving courts to decide which ones are illegal based on the facts of each case. For over 100 years, the antitrust laws have had the same basic objective: to protect the process of competition for the benefit of consumers, making sure thereRead MoreRes 342 Week 31102 Words   |  5 Pagestest period, the fleet of red fire trucks made 153,348 runs and had 20 accidents, while the fleet of yellow fire trucks made 135,035 runs and had 4 accidents. At ÃŽ ± = .01, did the yellow fire trucks have a significantly lower accident rate? (a) State the hypotheses. (b) State the decision rule and sketch it. (c) Find the sample proportions and z test statistic. (d) Make a decision. (e) Find the p-value and interpret it. (f ) If statistically significant, do you think the difference is large enoughRead MoreApollo 11’s Significance Nationally1017 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience on its own was out of this world, and the entire nation gave recognition to the efforts put in overtaking such a large task. No one expected to set foot on the moon at the time, and to achieve that goal was something else. #6 Furthermore, John F. Kennedy was in presidential term when the goal to land on the moon was set, on May 25, 1961. The first color TV transmission to Earth was made from Apollo 11 during the translunar coast. When Neil Armstrong and Aldrin put on their suits to check out theRead MoreSpecializations of The U.S. Special Operations Teams2418 Words   |  10 Pagesdemolition team was a selective group of the best Navy officers. World War II was a â€Å"test run† for the underwater demolition team, which moved on to become Navy SEALs in 1961. The SEALs were authorized as the Navy’s Special Forces on May 21, 1961 by John F. Kennedy. Their duties included unconventional warfare, counter guerrilla warfare, and secret operations (Navy UXL 1119-1120). In order to fulfill their duties, the SEALs underwent specialized training to prepare them for the challenging and dangerousRead More Does Airport Security Make Us Safer? Essay2908 Words   |  12 Pagesflight from Los Angeles I nternational Airport to San Francisco International Airport. In this instance a disgruntled former employee used un-surrendered credentials to get a weapon through security. It is believed that Burke most likely shot Raymond F. Thomson, his supervisor that had terminated his employment earlier in the day then turned the weapon on the pilots causing the plane to crash and killing all on board (ASN). The failure in security in this example is failing to remove Burke from theRead MoreProfessional Air Traffic Controllers Organization V. Reagan: the Strike That Helped Shape U. S. Labor Relations3292 Words   |  14 Pagesremarkable day in the history of this country. Under the direction of union president, Robert E. Poli, 14,500 members declared a nationwide strike. Approximately 11,500 members walked off their jobs because of contract disputes with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (Landmarks in Modern American Business 719). Among the demands from air-traffic controllers were higher wages, a shorter week, and better retirement benefits. PATCO’s illegal nationwide strike left thousands of passengersRead MoreCompetitive Strategy for Low Cost Airlines4132 Words   |  17 Pagesare to evaluate cost and market share issues for LCCs and find long-term sustainable strategies and solutions for LCCs. Keywords: Low-Cost carriers; LCCs; Low-Cost airlines; Competitive strategy 1. Introduction One of the most striking features of aviation industry in the beginning of this century was the availability for consumers of a new concept of flying. LCCs open a totally new product: no frills, no food, no drinks, no spacious seats, no travel agencies bookings, but a very low price (BarbotRead MoreEssay about The PATCO Strike and The Rise and Fall of Unions in America3413 Words   |  14 Pagesorganized in 1968. nbsp;Like many Americans, they wanted 8 hour days, better pay, and 5 day weeks. nbsp;However, unlike many unions in America, PATCOs industry was highly regulated and subject to frequent political scrutiny. nbsp;In 1958, the Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) was created in order to improve safety in the rapidly growing airline industry. nbsp;This had become a growing concern as the airline industry took off. nbsp;However, in 1963, there was a major collision in midair, which could haveRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesEDITION - PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION HAROLD KERZNER, Ph.D. Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesCalculator Explorations 272 6 Probability 279 6.1 Chance Experiments and Events 279 6.2 Deï ¬ nition of Probability 288 ââ€"   Contents ix 6.3 Basic Properties of Probability 295 6.4 Conditional Probability 302 6.5 Independence 313 6.6 Some General Probability Rules 323 6.7 Estimating Probabilities Empirically Using Simulation 335 Activity 6.1 Kisses 347 Activity 6.2 A Crisis for European Sports Fans? 347 Activity 6.3 The â€Å"Hot Hand† in Basketball 347 Graphing Calculator Explorations 351 7

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Colorado School Of Public Health - 1193 Words

Omer Selim Personal Statement Colorado School of Public Health Degree Objective: MPH Public Health is an interesting topic. Many people may not understand the purpose of Public health, it is a fairly new field although it has been around since the 1800’s. Before being introduced to the the field, I was clueless and never knew such a subject existed. Going into college with dubious decisions on my major within the pre-med program I knew I wanted to help people and the society, but was unsure what to major in. During my sophomore year I was exposed to public health through a course in Epidemiology which intrigued me, the course encompassed a broad history of public health and the concept of prevention rather than treatment. The course was so fresh,live,vivid, and full of passion. I remember that day until today since it engaged me and gave me a new perspective to help people. I was filled with excitement and looked forward to learn more each upcoming day and make a commitment due to my fascination with the subject, rather than jumping through different majors I finally found something I wanted to excel in. I finally could answer my lifelong question that troubled me since I was a kid which was what do I want to do with my life? At that moment I was struck by an epiphany! The answer was finally right before my eyes and it was Public health, and from that day on I wanted start my journey in Public health, it changed the way I saw the world and in return I wanted to changeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Community Action Plan: Urban Garden at School700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Southglenn community in Centennial, Colorado, is a popular community for families to raise children. The excellent school system is one of the many features that draw families to the area. However, the community schools could benefit from increasing the nutritional value in the lunches. 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Institution History Recognized as being one of the top 34 degree-granting public research institutions that belongs to the prominent Association of American Universities, the University of Colorado (CU) prides itself on providing a lasting effect on its communities through â€Å"collaborative research, innovation and entrepreneurship† (para. 1). This university consists of a system of three other public, not-for-profit universities, which are the University of Colorado at BoulderRead MoreThe Columbine Influence: How a School Shooting Affected a Nation1494 Words   |  6 PagesThe Columbine massacre was one of the deadliest school shootings in U.S. history. On April 20, 1999, high school seniors Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold shot and killed 12 students, one teacher, and themselves. Twenty-five students were also injured, some very critically. While there had been many school shootings in America prior to this, the young age of the shooters, the number of victims, and the randomness of the people they killed shocked the nation. It has been 14 years since this tragedy andRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1013 Words   |  5 Pages(Minamide, Elaine. Medical Marijuana:pg.23) Legalizing marijuana for recreational use could be beneficial for states. The revenue from the tax could help with the state budget and also helps improving schools. We have four states that have legalized marijuana for recreational use they are: 1. Colorado legal for possession December 2012 and went Retail January 2014 2. Washington State for possession December 2012 and went Retail July 2014 3. Alaska for possession February 2015 4. Oregon for possessionRead MoreLegalizing Marijuan The Blunt Truth1461 Words   |  6 Pagesjobs. In 2014, â€Å"Colorado collected almost $70 million in marijuana taxes...[which was] nearly double the $42 million collected from alcohol taxes†(Basu). In just the first fiscal year of legalizing marijuana in Colorado they were able to raise more money for their state to provide money for schools, roads, and safety of citizens. Part of the taxes raised went to public schools and exactly â€Å"$2.5 million [went] to increase the number of health professionals in Colorado public schools†¦[and the money]Read MoreComparative Policy Analysis : A Comparative Policy Analysis Overview1036 Words   |  5 Pagesemphasized in the cybersecurity-as-a-public-good literature. Bits and pieces from multiple states should be considered when compiling the proposal for the Oregon CCoE. The Secure Colorado model, as implemented from the beginning of the program, best fits Oregon’s ca pacity and goals. Colorado started with a $6,000 cybersecurity budget and no strategic plan. Within 3 years 98% of the state’s systems are actively monitored using security tools in near-real time. Colorado claim a better security rating thanRead MoreA Research Study On Childhood Obesity850 Words   |  4 Pages diagnosis, cure, and prevention for this very curable disease. Pueblo Colorado has two public health issues. First is childhood obesity, and second is teenage pregnancy. Both problems have been the main focus on the city for a number of years; however, the obesity problem seems to be the greater of the two. Although this community has been highlighted for having the highest childhood obesity rate amongst all of Colorado, I believe the problem originates from the mature population and extendsRead MoreDiana Degette Of Colorado Case Analysis1211 Words   |  5 PagesSince 1997 Diana DeGette of Colorado has been representing the 1st Congressional district. For the p ast eleven years she has represented the people of her district which includes most major parts of the city of Denver including â€Å"Englewood, Littleton, Columbine, Ken Caryl, Glendale, Cherry Hills Village, and Sheridan† This district in Colorado is entirely made up by an urban population. None whites make up 30.33 percent of the population, mostly taken up by Latinos. The major industries within herRead MoreShortage In Education834 Words   |  4 Pagesperformance rate testing and underfunded schools (Klien). In Colorado, teacher pay has â€Å"declined by 7% over the past decade† (Whaley). For years, teaching primary or secondary education was considered a respectable and stable job. However, Colorado is now facing problems regarding the teacher workforce. Colorado is experiencing a labor shortage in educational school teacher positions in due the declining perception of teaching impacting the quality of the education in Colorado. The severity of this shortage

Monday, December 9, 2019

Buyers’ Behaviour

Question: Describe about the consumers behavior in choosing holidays and leisure destinations. Answer: Introduction The study provides a deep understanding about the consumers behavior in choosing holidays and leisure destinations. In most of the cases, the holiday plans of the people majorly based on their individual budget and leisure time. It has been noticed that choosing the holidays is one of the major consumption decision that the consumer make after analyzing a number of factors. Some factors are there that influence the choices and preferences of the consumers in selecting the leisure destination. Here, the study considers major factors that include personality, motivation, and demographics. Here, the study went through a survey process where five respondents participated and delivered their responses about choosing leisure destination. Among the five respondents, here the study has chosen the first, second and fourth respondents. In this study, the behavior and characteristics of the respondents would be analyzed with the help of theories of personality, motivation, and demographics. In the survey, six specific destinations are mentioned on which the respondents provided their responses. The holiday destinations mentioned here include: Destination 1: Spain, France, and Italy Destination 2: Las Vegas Destination 3: New Zealand Destination 4: Hong Kong Destination 5: Gold Coast Destination 6: Barossa Valley Here, it is important to mention that the costs of spending holidays in those places vary due to the differences in the cost of journey, hotels, meals and some other factors. Furthermore, depending on the factors of cost, duration, activities, accommodation, food, and transportation, the respondents provided their responses about holiday destinations. Theories of personality Following the viewpoint of Ryckman (2012), the theories of personality defines that this particular factor is a psychophysical system that emphasizes the uniqueness of the individuals. From the survey, the personality of the three respondents is characterized in this study. The respondent 1 is male and involved in study and building career simultaneously. He belongs from Australia and likes to make some experiences through contributing his leisure time in preferable holiday destinations. Open to new experience personality is present in the nature of the respondent. The factor Cost received most of the importance form respondent 1. Rest of the factors lies much below in the importance score. Among the six holiday destinations, it has been found that the cost of destination 1 is much higher in comparison to other destinations. As he provides much importance to the factor cost, thus for him the destination 1 lies in poor choice. He prefers the destination 5 based on the cost factor as i t needs the lowest amount of holiday expenses. From this, the cost conscious personality of the respondent 1 is revealed. The reason behind this personality is his young age and low income per year. Apart from this, the destination 1 is chosen based on the factors of duration, activities, accommodation, and transportation which received less importance. Thus, it is the last destination choice of the person. However, it has been found that he ranked destination 2 on the top of his choice of destination. Destination 2 received the top priority by the factor activity. This revealed that in choosing the holiday destination, he prioritizes the factor activities more than the factor cost. This defines that the person carries an adventurous nature that overlaps his cost conscious personality. Respondent 2 is a female person of mature age and belongs from the country Canada. Presently, she is pursuing her career as management consultant and earning a good amount every year. Open to new experience, high need for power, careful and efficient personality she carries. Among the six factors, she provided more importance to the factors duration and activities. Based on the factor duration, she does not consider any of those places as very good holiday destination. Besides, the destination 1 received the very good rank based on the factor activities. This reveals that she is an adventure loving person. Apart from this, the factor cost does not influence her much as she ranked good the destination 1 and ranked very good rest of the destinations. This personality is carried because of her high income. Along with that, she prefers destination 6 in the top of her choice of holiday. It has been found that destination 6 received very good rank based on the factor cost and good rank bas ed on the factors duration, activities, accommodation, and food. The factor transportation make the person to provide less rate to this destination though this particular factor does not influence her choice much. Through analyzing the responses of the respondent, it can be said that the person has a high degree of willingness of contributing both time and money for experiencing different holiday places is found in her personality. The respondent 4 is a young person who belongs from the country Brazil. As pr her responses, it has been found that extraverted nature is present in her personality. She is quite open to have new experiences through contributing her leisure time in the holiday destination as per her choices. Moreover, the factor activities received highest priority by the respondent 4 and the cost acquired the second place in her importance score. However, the person has not found any place as attractive as she wants based on the activity factor. Though, destination 1, 3, and 4 received good rank by the person in terms of available holiday activities. As activity received the highest priority, it can be said that the person carries an adventurous nature to the highest extent. Apart from this, it has been found that the factor cost influences her choice of destination and thus she provided the low rank to destination 1 because of its high rate of cost. Though, moderate degree of cost conscious persona lity is present in her nature as she ranked very good to rest of the destinations. However, she ranked the destination 3 on the top of her choice of holiday destination. This is chosen by the factors cost, duration, activities, food and transportation. Through analyzing the personality of these three respondents, it has been found that all the persons are open to have new experiences through contributing their time and money in holiday destinations. Theories of motivation As opined by Steimer Mata (2016), the theories of motivation defines that the factors needs, behavior, and satisfaction influence as well as motivate people to go in a specific direction. As per the responses of Respondent 1, it has been found that he needs to spend such holiday destination that covers low holiday expenses. Along with that, large number of holiday activities provides high satisfaction the person. However, the satisfaction level of the person is determined by the balance of cost he has to spend and the activities that the tourist destinations provide. Low expenses and more number of leisure activities motivate him to choose such places. Besides, the behavior is a major factor that influences his choices and preferences of holidays. As he is a kind of moody person, the choices depend on his mood swings and willingness at specific times. The Respondent 2 needs to have high duration of holiday packages and large number of leisure activities. Cost does not influence the choice of the person and thus high cost does not affect her satisfaction level. The satisfaction level goes upward as the need of the person regarding holiday choices fulfilled as per her expectations. Unlike the respondent 1, the holiday choices do not depend on the mood of the respondent 2. As the person has high need for uniqueness and high degree of openness personality for having new experiences, the unique tourist spot and leisure activities motivate her the most. The Respondent 4 needs more leisure activities which would increase her satisfaction level against spending on leisure time. She has high need for uniqueness that defines that such destinations that provide unique experiences motivate her to the larger extent. Apart from this, a kind of moody behavior is found in her nature which defines that her choices are motivated as well as influenced by the present mood. Theories of demographics According to Bianchi (2014), the theories of demographics define that some factors are there that include age, gender, family situation, income and ethnicity influence the choices of the persons. Respondent 1 is an Australian male person who earns low amount of money. It has been found that he wants to visit Las Vegas and have leisure experiences as well. One of the major reasons behind choosing this particular destination is low holiday cost. Moreover, as per his responses, it has been found that he takes his own decision in the case of choosing holiday destination. Respondent 2 is a female Canadian who works as a management consultant and earns a good amount every year. The responses show that she is married and her husband plays a major role in making the holiday decisions. She wants to visit the place Barossa Valley in order to have a new experience. In this case, both the choices and preferences regarding leisure destination of the married couple influence the decision. As the income is relatively high, the expected cost of visiting several destinations does not affect their decision making processes. The Respondent 4 works as a bartender in Brazil and her marital status is de facto. She wants to visit New Zealand and the destination is chosen by the preference of her partner. As the person does not earn much amount, the cost factor influences them to choose the holiday destination. The income of the respondent is considered as a major factor in this case. However, the familys pretax income is higher than the persons income. Thus, the cost does not influence her leisure decision making to the larger extent. Due to this reason, she provided importance to all the factors and prefers this particular destination. Recommendations In this particular section, the study provides recommendations to the marketer of the holiday destination Las Vegas. The prime characteristics of the visitors include adventurous loving, open to new experiences, fun loving, leisure activity loving, and less cost conscious (Olson, 2015). It is the largest city of Nevada that lies in the desert surrounded by baron hills (Crowder, 2014). The huge resort hotels, sparking lights and fountains are the major attraction of the city. The cooler winter temperature attracts the visitors to spend their leisure time there. The marketer of this particular holiday destination is recommended to apply the theories of learning and memory. This specific theory covers four perspectives that include behaviorism, cognitive, humanistic, and social factors (Olson, 2015). The marketer is suggested to concentrate on the observable behavior of the visitors. The cognitive factor defines that the marketers need to learn the mental process of the visitors in maki ng the holiday decisions. In order to more precise, it has been found that the moody nature of the people affect the peoples decision making process. Thus, the marketer should provide such packages that make the visitors to choose Las Vegas as their holiday destination. They can provide more leisure activities so that the visitors depend less on their moods and attracted by their open to new experience personality. From humanistic perspective, it can be defined that the emotional factor influences the individuals decisions. The social factors defines that the individuals choices are influenced by the group activities. Thus, the marketers are suggested to provide some group activities along with the individual activities. Along with that, the marketer need to make sure that the visitors would able to have the experiences at reasonable cost so that they would attract more number of tourists. Conclusion Through analyzing the responses, it has been found that the respondent 1 has chosen Destination 2 as the best holiday destination. Respondent 2 lies the destination 6 in the top of her choice of destination. Respondent 4 has chose the 'destination 3 on the top of her choice of her holiday destination. Along with that some motivation as well as psychological factor influence the decision making choice. Some recommendations are suggested that highlights the tourist destination of Las Vegas. Bibliography Basco, R. (2013). The family's effect on family firm performance: A model testing the demographic and essence approaches.Journal of Family Business Strategy,4(1), 42-66. Bianchi, S. M. (2014). A demographic perspective on family change.Journal of family theory review,6(1), 35-44. Crowder, R. G. (2014).Principles of Learning and Memory: Classic Edition. Psychology Press. Ewen, R. (2014).An introduction to theories of personality. Psychology Press. Firestone, W. A. (2014). Teacher evaluation policy and conflicting theories of motivation.Educational Researcher, 0013189X14521864. Goldmann, G. (2015). Methods of Demographic Analysis.Canadian Studies in Population,42(3-4), 104-405. Graham, S., Weiner, B. (2012). Motivation: Past, present, and future. Kember, D. (2016). Relationship to Other Theories of Motivation. InUnderstanding the Nature of Motivation and Motivating Students through Teaching and Learning in Higher Education(pp. 21-41). Springer Singapore. Miner, J. B. (2015).Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Munro, D., Schumaker, J. F., Carr, S. C. (2014).Motivation and culture. Routledge. Olson, M. H. (2015).An introduction to theories of learning. Psychology Press. O'Rourke, E., Chen, Y., Haimovitz, K., Dweck, C. S., Popovi, Z. (2015, March). Demographic Differences in a Growth Mindset Incentive Structure for Educational Games. InProceedings of the Second (2015) ACM Conference on Learning@ Scale(pp. 331-334). ACM. Rose, G. S., Walters, S. T. (2012). Theories of motivation and addictive behaviour.Treating substance abuse: Theory and technique, 9-27. Ryckman, R. (2012).Theories of personality. Cengage Learning. Schultz, D., Schultz, S. (2016).Theories of personality. Cengage Learning. Steimer, A., Mata, A. (2016). Motivated Implicit Theories of Personality My Weaknesses Will Go Away, but My Strengths Are Here to Stay.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,42(4), 415-429.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Solar Energy Essays (1618 words) - Renewable Energy,

Solar Energy Ever since the dawn of time, the sun has been a resource we cannot live or do without, so its not such a shock that man has come up with the idea of solar energy. Solar energy had many uses. Some can be dangerous and some, a very valuable asset to the modern world. I. What is solar energy? A. Who was the first person to use solar energy? B. When was it used? C. Where was solar energy first put to use? II. What are some of the uses of solar energy? A. Solar roof 1. Who invented it? 2. When was it invented? 3. What was it used for? 4. How does it work? B. Solar cooker 1. Who invented the first one? 2. When was it invented? 3. How does it work? 4. What is it used for? C. Solar oven 1. Who developed it? 2. When was it developed? 3. What does it look like? 4. How does it work? III. What are some of the dangers of solar energy(used today or otherwise) A. Laser 1. What is it? 2. How does laser work? B. Ultra-Violet Rays (UV rays) 1. Who discovered UV rays? 2. When was it discovered? 3. In what way is it dangerous? 4. How can we protect ourselves from this? IV. Conclusion A. What are some uses of solar energy around our household? 1. List some examples C. Thoughts on Solar energy 1. What we think of solar energy 2. Poll results A Primitive Resource: Solar Energy and Its Many Uses Ever since the dawn of time, the sun has been a resource we cannot live or do without, so its not such a shock that man has come up with the idea of solar energy. Solar energy had many uses. Some can be dangerous and some, a very valuable asset to the modern world. Solar energy is energy derived from the sun in a form of ultra-violet rays. Its was first applied to use in 212 B.C., by the Greek genius Archimedes. Solar energy was used to defend the habor of Syracuse against the Roman fleet. Archimedes used a mirror or "burning mirror" as they had called it, to set fire to the ships of the Roman fleets while standing on shore (McDaniels 83). It wasn't until 1615 when Salomon de Caux constructed the first solar device; a solar engine. His device was made of glass lenses, supporting frame, and an airtight metal vessel containing water and air. This produced a small water fountain when the air heated up during operation. This was considered to be more of a toy than a device, but it was the first published account of the use of solar energy since the fall of the Roman Empire (Cheremisinoff 1). Some other use of solar energy after that was the solar roof and the solar oven. The solar roof was thought up by Harold Hay. In a solar roof system, water is contained in a clear plastic bag and it is placed on a black metal roof. Hay got the idea while traveling in India on a technical aid mission for the U.S government. While there, he noticed that many people were living in rusty, sheet metal shacks, which were hot in the day and cold at night. Hay's plan was to remove the insulation from the roof on winter days so that the roof would get hot, and Replacing the insulation at night to allow the shack to be warm through the night. Then in the summer, he would so the reverse of what he did in winter to let the house cool at night and replacing the insulation in the daytime to block out the heat. Then over the years, Hay and a man named John Yellott constructed a 3- by 3.7-m building using water basins as the actual roofing material. During the summer, a slab of foam insulation was rolled back at night, and the water would become cold through the night sky evaporation. Since the water supply sat directly on a metal ceiling, it absorbed the heat from the room and kept the building air-conditioned all day. During the winter, the movable insulation was rolled back in the daytime which allowed for it to collect heat. This generated enough heat into the house through the ceiling at night to keep the room comfortable (McDaniels 179-181). Then there was the solar cooker. Developed by Augustin Mouchot in France and by John Ericsson in